Past Perfect Simple.
How to form the Past Perfect Simple:
The Past Perfect Simple is formed with the subject + auxiliary verb 'have' in the past = had + past participle.
See the list of common irregular verbs.
| Subject | Auxiliary verb 'had' |
Past Participle |
| I | had | played |
| You | had | played |
| He | had | played |
| She | had | played |
| It | had | played |
| We | had | played |
| You | had | played |
| They | had | played |
Past Perfect Simple - negative:
I had not played / I hadn't played
To form the Past Perfect Simple negative use the auxilliary verb 'have' in the past + not = (had not / hadn't) + past participle.
| Subject |
Auxilary 'had' + not 'hadn't' |
Past Particple |
| I |
had not hadn't |
played |
| You |
had not hadn't |
played |
| He |
had not hadn't |
played |
| She |
had not hadn't |
played |
| It |
had not hadn't |
played |
| We |
had not hadn't |
played |
| You |
had not hadn't |
played |
| They |
had not hadn't |
played |
Past Perfect Simple - Questions:
Had I played?
To make questions with the Past Perfect Simple use the auxiliary verb 'have' in the past simple + subject + past participle.
| Auxiliary 'had' |
Subject | Past Participle |
| Had | I | played? |
| Had | you | played? |
| Had | he | played? |
| Had | she | played? |
| Had | it |
played? |
| Had | we |
played? |
| Had | you | played? |
| Had | they | played? |
Past Perfect Simple - Negative Questions:
Hadn't I played?
To make negative questions with the Past Perfect Simple use the auxiliary verb 'have' in the past simple = hadn't + subject + past participle.
| Auxiliary 'had' |
Subject | Past Participle |
| Hadn't | I | played? |
| Hadn't | you | played? |
| Hadn't | he | played? |
| Hadn't | she | played? |
| Hadn't | it |
played? |
| Hadn't | we |
played? |
| Hadn't | you | played? |
| Hadn't | they | played? |